Each round regarding the IBBSS used respondent driven sampling provided to your concealed nature of MSM and therefore enables contrast between and across rounds. Respondent driven sampling (RDS) happens to be described in more detail in past studies 22, 23. Shortly, RDS is really a modified chain referral non-random sampling technique of recruitment that adjusts for the non-randomness utilizing a mathematical model that loads each sample recruited 23. Inclusion criteria had been male aged 16 years and above with a brief history of dental and/or anal contact that is sexual another guy when you look at the six months ahead of the study. Known MSM, designated as “seeds” began the chain of this recommendation use and network vouchers to recruit their peers in to the research. Ten seeds had been chosen for every circular and seeds were diversified by age, academic status and status that is socioeconomic. In order to avoid an over-representation of MSM with comparable attributes, vouchers limited by three per recruit was utilized 23, 24. In addition, to prevent perform enrollment, just one screener ended up being utilized, only 1 individual had been authorized to reimburse MSM that has successfully recruited their peers and just one location had been utilized. Each voucher was yielded and redeemable N500 approx. $3 USD being a motivation for participating, with one more N500 provided to a recruit for every effective participant that is additional. Total settlement had been limited by a compensation that is maximum of approximately $12 USD. Test size when it comes to 2007 IBBSS ended up being predicted centered on a thought HIV prevalence of 15%, a design aftereffect of 2.0 and degree of accuracy of 0.05. When it comes to 2010 and 2014 IBBSS, test size had been predicted to identify a 10% differ from the subsequent round.
Data collection
Structured close-ended interviewer administered questionnaires elicited information about socio-demographic traits, kind of intercourse lovers and intimate danger habits. Interviews had been carried out in MSM friendly businesses identified in each one of the research states. Transactional sex had been examined both with female and male lovers. Sort of rectal intercourse practiced ended up being classified as “insertive penile intercourse” or “receptive penile intercourse” in past times a few months. HIV danger perception had been examined by asking MSM you are at risk of infection with HIV? ” with response options being “yes or no”“do you feel. Consistent condom use with intimate lovers during transactional and sex that is non-transactional evaluated by asking the concerns “how frequently did you or your male partner work with a condom every time you had intercourse within the last 6 months? ” while condom use at final intercourse ended up being evaluated because of the concern “the last time you’d anal intercourse do you or your partner make use of a condom? ”. Transactional sex ended up being examined by asking “have you received gift or money in return for intercourse within the last few a few months? ” Penned permission ended up being acquired from all individuals both for behavioural and biological the different parts of the study.
Laboratory testing
Detection of HIV during most of the studies had been regularly carried out by quick test making use of blood that is whole acquired from the little finger prick. In line with the HIV that is national testing, a synchronous algorithm of Determine (Alere health, USA) and Unigold (Trinity Biotech, Plc, Bray, Ireland) ended up being utilized to spot HIV sero-positivity while status of discordant tests ended up being verified if you use Stat Pak (Chembio Diagnostic techniques, ny, United States Of America).
Information administration and analysis
Data from each research state had been entered centrally making use of CS professional variation 3.2 and 25% of questionnaires underwent double-data entry to make certain information quality. Behavioural and biological information had been connected by research unique identification number for every participant. Data from each round had been merged and analyzed STATA that is using 14.0 Corporation). Descriptive statistics of demographic, behavioural, and biological factors ended up being carried out. The Cochran-Armitage Chi Square trend test had been utilized to compare https://bestrussianbrides.net differences when considering categorical factors across various rounds of IBBSS, as the Kruskal-Wallis test had been used to compare variations in constant variables across various rounds of IBBSS. To determine associations between HIV and predictor factors (Tables), bivariate regression that is logistic had been carried out with p value ?0•2 designated as the cutoff for inclusion in multivariate logistic regression models. Variables were retained should they attained a p value ?0•05 within the multivariate analysis. The predictor variables had been according to data from literary works that showed a connection between your factors and HIV.
Sociodemographics
Table 1 highlights the sociodemographic information of MSM throughout the three rounds associated with IBBSS. An overall total of 897, 1545 and 3611 MSM had been surveyed in 2007, 2010 and 2014 respectively. Most of the participants had been aged 20–24 years in 2007 (61%) and 2014 (46%), whilst in 2010, almost half (47%) associated with the participants had been 25 years or older. Over 85% of this respondents had never hitched in each round regarding the study. Most of the participants had completed at the least level that is secondary, and also this had been greatest among participants in 2007 with 63per cent followed closely by respondents in 2014 (55%).
Intimate danger Behaviours
The median wide range of insertive anal lovers had been consistent between 2007 and 2010 with about 50% associated with the participants insertive that is reporting sex (IAS) with at the least two lovers interquartile range (IQR 1–4) within the last six months. For receptive anal sex (RAS), a median of two partners that are sexual reported in 2007 whilst it had been one partner in both 2010 and 2014. Overall, about a 3rd had engaged in transactional intercourse in 2007 (95% self- self- confidence period (CI): 30–36%) and 2014 (32–35%), although it was about two-fifths this season (36–41%). Consistent condom use, when intercourse ended up being offered increased steadily from 35% (27–44%) to 79per cent (74–83%) between 2007 and 2014. Likewise, constant condom use within the last six months before the study during compensated intimate encounters increased from 35% (30–41%) in 2007 to 61per cent (58–64%) in 2014. For non-commercial lovers, constant condom use increased from 32per cent (29–36%) in 2007 to 51percent (49–53%) in 2014. For self-reported experiences of sexually infection that is transmitted, there clearly was a rise from 7% (5–9%) in 2007 to 15per cent (13–17%) this season and 19per cent (17–20%) in 2014.